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Quantum
Key Concepts
Q-day
In cybersecurity, Q-day is the day when quantum computers break the Internet.
Cryptographic algorithms
These are algorithms that scramble data to protect privacy of users by concealing the identities and secure the users’ payments.
Quanta
The word “quantum” is derived from “quanta” — packets of light that Swedish physicist Niels Bohr (1885-1962) and others discovered to explain why light is both a wave and a particle.
Superposition
Superposition allows quantum objects to exist in more than one state (or location) at the same time. It simply means that the object can be in two states at one time even though in principle it remains as a single object. Quantum computers are constructed based on the quantum superposition principle.
Symmetric Encryption
In this method, data is encrypted using a secret key, and then both the encoded message and secret key are sent to the recipient for decryption..
Louis de Broglie
Louis de Broglie of the French Academy specialized in theoretical physics with special reference to the study of problems involving quanta. In 1924, he postulated the wave nature of electrons and suggested that all matter has wave properties. This concept is known as the de Broglie hypothesis, an example of wave–particle duality. It forms a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics. Between 1930 and 1950, de Broglie’s work has been focusing mainly on the study of the various extensions of wave mechanics. He gave a causal interpretation to wave mechanics in the classical terms of space and time.
Qubits
“Qubit” in a quantum computer, an electron is both here and there at the same time, thanks to “wave-particle duality.” Thus with “quantum parallelism” you can do massively more computation than in classical computers. Oodles of things at once
Shor's Algorithm
This is a quantum computer algorithm for finding the prime factors of an integer. It was developed in 1994 by the American mathematician Peter Shor. The algorithm shows how a quantum computer should be able to factor large numbers into primes exponentially faster than a classical computer can.
Entanglement
Measurements of physical properties such as position, momentum, spin, and polarization performed on entangled particles can, in some cases, be found to be perfectly correlated.
The Quantum Theory
According to quantum theory, under certain circumstances two electrons separated by huge distances would have their properties linked, as if by an umbilical cord. Under these circumstances, if the properties of the first electron were measured, the state of the second electron would be known instantly—faster than the speed of light.
